Strings in C++

1. What are Strings

   A string in C++ is an object that represents a sequence of characters. It is stored as character arrays. On the end of string there is a null termination character \0. This is where compiler knows where the end is.

2. How to write Strings

   We can write strings on a many different ways. For example:

   • C style strings
     We just create an array of chars and then we use " " to write text.

     const char name[] = "lalala";

     We could also use const char* because everithing in " " is array. This pointer would point to first element of array.

     const char* name = "lalala";

   • Standard libray C++ string
     We must include string from c++ standard libray using #include and then we can use string class. Its basically like array of chars but it has some more functionality and it is much slower.

     #include <string>
     std::string name = "Lalalal";

3. Accessing string

   If you are using C style strings you just use the name of variable to access all characters.

   const char* name = "lalala";
   name // its all characters

   and if you need to get one character you use [] and index just like in arrays

   const char* name = "lalala";
   name[0] // 'l'
   // or you can use
   *name
   // because `name` is pointer to first character

   If you are using string class you just use the name of variable.

   std::string name = "lalala";
   name // "lalala"

   and if you need character from string class you use at() method and you specify index

   std::string name = "lalala";
   name.at(5) // a